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1. Identify the Second Great Awakening and explain why it occurred in the early 1800s (p. 286). 2. Explain why the Second Great Awakening caused membership to increase dramatically in various Protestant denominations (p. 287). 3. Identify “utopias” and describe the leaders and beliefs of some of the new religious movements that grew out of the Second Great Awakening: Shakers, Mormons, and Unitarians (pp. 287-290). 4. Explain the philosophy of transcendentalism

QUESTIONS: 1. What are revivals? 2. List two reasons why the Second Great Awakening occurred? 3. Why did Protestant churches attract new members during the Second Great Awakening? 4. What were "Utopias" designed for? 5. How many different "Utopias" sprang up throughout the U.S. between 1800 and 1850? 6. The shakers encouraged marriage and reproduction to keep religion strong. True or false? 7. Who was the founder of the first Mormon congregation who claimed that divine assistance had enabled him to discover and translate the buried golden plates? 8. Unitarians believed that man could not achieve perfection. True or false? 9. What is Transcedentalism?

ANSWERS: 1. Revivals are huge crowds gathered to listen to sermons, sing hymns, and seek God's help in changing their lives. 2. The two reasons why the Second Great Awakening occurred are economic growth and rapid social change. 3. Protestant churches attracted new members because they appealed to ordinary americans. 4. "Utopias" were designed to create perfect society. 5. 90 different "Utopias" sprang up throughout the U.S. between 1800 and 1850. 6. FALSE. Did not allow members to get married or have children. 7. Joseph Smith was the founder of the first Mormon congregation. 8. FALSE. Unitarians believed that man could achieve perfection. 9. Transcedentalism is a philosophy that people can rise above material thing in life to reach a higher level of understanding.

Revivals are crowds of people signing hymns.

Joseph Smith was the founder of the first Mormon congregation. He claimed that divine assistance had enabled him to discover and translate the buried golden plates.// // Shakers did not allow people members to get married or have children.